Amla (Phyllanthus emblica), commonly known as Indian gooseberry, is highly esteemed for its nutritional and medicinal properties. It possesses a rich abundance of bioactive compounds and exhibits a wide range of health benefits, including anti-hyperlipidemic, antidiabetic, anticancerous, anti-inflammatory, hepatoprotective, and neuroprotective effects. Amla lends itself to the production of diverse value-added goods such as powder, candy, juice, soup, and oil, offering a convenient and nutritious means of incorporating this fruit into one's daily regimen. Earlier studies suggest that irradiation can have both positive and negative effects on amla, depending on the specific parameters and doses used. Therefore, the primary aim of the present study was to positively enhance the inherent characteristics of amla by employing the safe and effective 2-6 µm mid-infrared rays, thereby further augmenting its value. Our research utilized a water-based atomizer known as the 2-6µm mid-infrared radiation generating atomizer (MIRGA), which was recently developed by us. A panel of sensory experts conducted a thorough assessment of amla both before and after the application of mid-IR radiation. In addition, various analytical techniques, including FTIR, PXRD, TEM, and H1NMR, were employed to further characterize the irradiated amla. The results demonstrated that the application of mid-IR radiation positively influenced the sensory attributes of amla, enhancing its palatability. Furthermore, the findings revealed significant transformations at the atomic, bond, and compound levels. Hence, it can be inferred that the utilization of mid-IR radiation through an economical, easily accessible, and safe technology holds immense potential for elevating the quality of amla.
Published in | Science Frontiers (Volume 5, Issue 1) |
DOI | 10.11648/j.sf.20240501.17 |
Page(s) | 52-62 |
Creative Commons |
This is an Open Access article, distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, provided the original work is properly cited. |
Copyright |
Copyright © The Author(s), 2024. Published by Science Publishing Group |
2-6 µm Mid-IR, Amla, Sensory Attribute, Acceptability, Enhancement, Safe, Economy
[1] | Gul M, Liu Z-W, Iahtisham-Ul-Haq, et al (2022) Functional and Nutraceutical Significance of Amla (Phyllanthus emblica L.): A Review. Antioxidants 11: 816. https://doi.org/10.3390/antiox11050816 |
[2] | Yokozawa T, Young Kim H, Ju Kim H, et al (2007) Amla (Emblica officinalis Gaertn.) prevents dyslipidaemia and oxidative stress in the ageing process. Br J Nutr 97: 1187–1195. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0007114507691971 |
[3] | Antony B, Benny M, Kaimal TNB (2008) A Pilot clinical study to evaluate the effect of Emblica officinalis extract (AmlamaxTM) on markers of systemic inflammation and dyslipidemia. Indian J Clin Biochem 23: 378–381. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12291-008-0083-6 |
[4] | Akhtar MS, Ramzan A, Ali A, Ahmad M (2011) Effect of Amla fruit (Emblica officinalis Gaertn.) on blood glucose and lipid profile of normal subjects and type 2 diabetic patients. International Journal of Food Sciences and Nutrition 62: 609–616. https://doi.org/10.3109/09637486.2011.560565 |
[5] | Yang B, Liu P (2014) Composition and Biological Activities of Hydrolyzable Tannins of Fruits of Phyllanthus emblica. J Agric Food Chem 62: 529–541. https://doi.org/10.1021/jf404703k |
[6] | Wijemanna ND, Ravindra U (2018) Amla as a potential substrate for production of probiotic drink. Int J Curr Microbiol Appl Sci 7: 2743–2756. |
[7] | Mishra P, Mishra S, Mahanta CL (2014) Effect of maltodextrin concentration and inlet temperature during spray drying on physicochemical and antioxidant properties of amla (Emblica officinalis) juice powder. Food and bioproducts processing 92: 252–258. |
[8] | Nisha P, Singhal RS, Pandit AB (2004) A study on degradation kinetics of ascorbic acid in amla (Phyllanthus emblica L.) during cooking. International Journal of Food Sciences and Nutrition 55: 415–422. https://doi.org/10.1080/09637480412331321823 |
[9] | Umakanthan, Mathi M (2022) Decaffeination and improvement of taste, flavor and health safety of coffee and tea using mid-infrared wavelength rays. Heliyon 8: e11338. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.heliyon.2022.e11338 |
[10] | Thangaraju U, Mathi M (2023) Quantitative reduction of heavy metals and caffeine in cocoa using mid-infrared spectrum irradiation. Journal of the Indian Chemical Society 100: 100861. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jics.2022.100861 |
[11] | Umakanthan T, Mathi M (2023) Increasing saltiness of salts (NACL) using mid–infrared radiation to reduce the health hazards. Food Science & Nutrition 11: 3535–3549. https://doi.org/10.1002/fsn3.3342 |
[12] | Kondo T (1997) The assignment of IR absorption bands due to free hydroxyl groups in cellulose. Cellulose 4: 281–292. https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1018448109214 |
[13] | Canteri MH, Renard CM, Le Bourvellec C, Bureau S (2019) ATR-FTIR spectroscopy to determine cell wall composition: Application on a large diversity of fruits and vegetables. Carbohydrate Polymers 212: 186–196. |
[14] | Saxena S, Singh N, Jain N (2018) Low Cost, Non-conventional Adsorbents Neem leaves powder (NPL), Peepal leaves powder (PPL), Amla leaves powder (APL) used for Pb Removal. IOSR Journal of Engineering 08: 01–13. |
[15] | Girard JE (2014) Principles of Environmental Chemistry, 3rd edn. Jones & Bartlett Publishers. |
[16] | Mohan J (2004) Organic Spectroscopy: Principles and Applications. CRC Press. |
[17] | Atkins P, Paula J de (2011) Physical Chemistry for the Life Sciences. OUP Oxford. |
[18] | Yi G-C (ed) (2012) Semiconductor Nanostructures for Optoelectronic Devices: Processing, Characterization and Applications. Springer Berlin Heidelberg, Berlin, Heidelberg. |
[19] | Datta SN, Trindle CO, Illas F (2014) Theoretical and Computational Aspects of Magnetic Organic Molecules. Imperial College Press. |
[20] | Esmaeili K (2015) Viremedy, Homeopathic Remedies, and Energy Healing Remedies as Information – including Remedies; A Synopsis. Google books, p 43. |
[21] | Sommer AP, Caron A, Fecht H-J (2008) Tuning Nanoscopic Water Layers on Hydrophobic and Hydrophilic Surfaces with Laser Light. Langmuir 24: 635–636. https://doi.org/10.1021/la7032737 |
[22] | Sommer AP, Zhu D, Mester AR, Försterling H-D (2011) Pulsed Laser Light Forces Cancer Cells to Absorb Anticancer Drugs – The Role of Water in Nanomedicine. Artificial Cells, Blood Substitutes, and Biotechnology 39: 169–173. https://doi.org/10.3109/10731199.2010.516262 |
[23] | Prasad NS (2005) Optical communications in the mid-wave IR spectral band. J Optic Comm Rep 2: 558–602. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10297-005-0057-x |
[24] | Pereira MF, Shulika O (eds) (2011) Terahertz and Mid Infrared Radiation: Generation, Detection and Applications. Springer Netherlands, Dordrecht. |
[25] | Pollack GH (2015) Cell electrical properties: reconsidering the origin of the electrical potential. Cell Biology International 39: 237–242. https://doi.org/10.1002/cbin.10382 |
[26] | Toor F, Jackson S, Shang X, et al (2018) Mid-infrared Lasers for Medical Applications: introduction to the feature issue. Biomed Opt Express 9: 6255. https://doi.org/10.1364/BOE.9.006255 |
[27] | Williamson KL, Masters KM (2011) Macroscale and Microscale Organic Experiments, 6th edn. Brooks/ Cole Cengage learning. |
[28] | Pareek S, Kitinoja L, Kaushik RA, Paliwal R (2009) Postharvest physiology and storage of ber. Stewart Postharvest Review 5: 1–10. |
[29] | Pathak PK, Preeti D, Sunil K (2009) Effect of post-harvest treatments on shelf-life of aonla (Emblica officinalis) fruits damaged during harvesting. Journal of Food Science and Technology (Mysore) 46: 283–285. |
[30] | Deka BC, Sethi V, Parsad R, Batra PK (2001) Application of mixtures methodology for beverages from mixed fruit juice/pulp. Journal of food science and technology 38: 615–618. |
[31] | Gornicki K, Kaleta A (2007) Drying curve modelling of blanched carrot cubes under natural convection condition. Journal of Food Engineering 82: 160–170. |
[32] | Tembo L, Chiteka ZA, Kadzere I, et al (2008) Blanching and drying period affect moisture loss and vitamin C content in Ziziphus mauritiana (Lamk.). African Journal of Biotechnology 7. |
[33] | Sonkar N, Rajoriya D, Chetana R, Venkatesh Murthy K (2020) Effect of cultivars, pretreatment and drying on physicochemical properties of Amla (Emblica officinalis) gratings. J Food Sci Technol 57: 980–992. https://doi.org/10.1007/s13197-019-04131-8 |
[34] | Dukenbayev K, Korolkov I, Tishkevich D, et al (2019) Fe3O4 Nanoparticles for Complex Targeted Delivery and Boron Neutron Capture Therapy. Nanomaterials 9: 494. https://doi.org/10.3390/nano9040494 |
[35] | Tishkevich DI, Korolkov IV, Kozlovskiy AL, et al (2019) Immobilization of boron-rich compound on Fe3O4 nanoparticles: Stability and cytotoxicity. Journal of Alloys and Compounds 797: 573–581. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jallcom.2019.05.075 |
[36] | Kozlovskiy AL, Alina A, Zdorovets MV (2021) Study of the effect of ion irradiation on increasing the photocatalytic activity of WO3 microparticles. J Mater Sci: Mater Electron 32: 3863–3877. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10854-020-05130-8 |
[37] | El-Shater RE, El Shimy H, Saafan SA, et al (2022) Synthesis, characterization, and magnetic properties of Mn nanoferrites. Journal of Alloys and Compounds 928: 166954. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jallcom.2022.166954 |
[38] | Kozlovskiy AL, Zdorovets MV (2021) Effect of doping of Ce4+/3+ on optical, strength and shielding properties of (0.5-x)TeO2-0.25MoO-0.25Bi2O3-xCeO2 glasses. Materials Chemistry and Physics 263: 124444. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.matchemphys.2021.124444 |
[39] | Almessiere MA, Algarou NA, Slimani Y, et al (2022) Investigation of exchange coupling and microwave properties of hard/soft (SrNi0.02Zr0.01Fe11.96O19)/(CoFe2O4)x nanocomposites. Materials Today Nano 18: 100186. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.mtnano.2022.100186 |
APA Style
Umakanthan, Mathi, M., Umadevi, Sivaramakrishnan. (2024). Influence of Mid-Infrared Irradiation on Amla’s (Phyllanthus emblica) Physicochemical Properties and Acceptability Index. Science Frontiers, 5(1), 52-62. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.sf.20240501.17
ACS Style
Umakanthan; Mathi, M.; Umadevi; Sivaramakrishnan. Influence of Mid-Infrared Irradiation on Amla’s (Phyllanthus emblica) Physicochemical Properties and Acceptability Index. Sci. Front. 2024, 5(1), 52-62. doi: 10.11648/j.sf.20240501.17
AMA Style
Umakanthan, Mathi M, Umadevi, Sivaramakrishnan. Influence of Mid-Infrared Irradiation on Amla’s (Phyllanthus emblica) Physicochemical Properties and Acceptability Index. Sci Front. 2024;5(1):52-62. doi: 10.11648/j.sf.20240501.17
@article{10.11648/j.sf.20240501.17, author = {Umakanthan and Madhu Mathi and Umadevi and Sivaramakrishnan}, title = {Influence of Mid-Infrared Irradiation on Amla’s (Phyllanthus emblica) Physicochemical Properties and Acceptability Index}, journal = {Science Frontiers}, volume = {5}, number = {1}, pages = {52-62}, doi = {10.11648/j.sf.20240501.17}, url = {https://doi.org/10.11648/j.sf.20240501.17}, eprint = {https://article.sciencepublishinggroup.com/pdf/10.11648.j.sf.20240501.17}, abstract = {Amla (Phyllanthus emblica), commonly known as Indian gooseberry, is highly esteemed for its nutritional and medicinal properties. It possesses a rich abundance of bioactive compounds and exhibits a wide range of health benefits, including anti-hyperlipidemic, antidiabetic, anticancerous, anti-inflammatory, hepatoprotective, and neuroprotective effects. Amla lends itself to the production of diverse value-added goods such as powder, candy, juice, soup, and oil, offering a convenient and nutritious means of incorporating this fruit into one's daily regimen. Earlier studies suggest that irradiation can have both positive and negative effects on amla, depending on the specific parameters and doses used. Therefore, the primary aim of the present study was to positively enhance the inherent characteristics of amla by employing the safe and effective 2-6 µm mid-infrared rays, thereby further augmenting its value. Our research utilized a water-based atomizer known as the 2-6µm mid-infrared radiation generating atomizer (MIRGA), which was recently developed by us. A panel of sensory experts conducted a thorough assessment of amla both before and after the application of mid-IR radiation. In addition, various analytical techniques, including FTIR, PXRD, TEM, and H1NMR, were employed to further characterize the irradiated amla. The results demonstrated that the application of mid-IR radiation positively influenced the sensory attributes of amla, enhancing its palatability. Furthermore, the findings revealed significant transformations at the atomic, bond, and compound levels. Hence, it can be inferred that the utilization of mid-IR radiation through an economical, easily accessible, and safe technology holds immense potential for elevating the quality of amla. }, year = {2024} }
TY - JOUR T1 - Influence of Mid-Infrared Irradiation on Amla’s (Phyllanthus emblica) Physicochemical Properties and Acceptability Index AU - Umakanthan AU - Madhu Mathi AU - Umadevi AU - Sivaramakrishnan Y1 - 2024/02/20 PY - 2024 N1 - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.sf.20240501.17 DO - 10.11648/j.sf.20240501.17 T2 - Science Frontiers JF - Science Frontiers JO - Science Frontiers SP - 52 EP - 62 PB - Science Publishing Group SN - 2994-7030 UR - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.sf.20240501.17 AB - Amla (Phyllanthus emblica), commonly known as Indian gooseberry, is highly esteemed for its nutritional and medicinal properties. It possesses a rich abundance of bioactive compounds and exhibits a wide range of health benefits, including anti-hyperlipidemic, antidiabetic, anticancerous, anti-inflammatory, hepatoprotective, and neuroprotective effects. Amla lends itself to the production of diverse value-added goods such as powder, candy, juice, soup, and oil, offering a convenient and nutritious means of incorporating this fruit into one's daily regimen. Earlier studies suggest that irradiation can have both positive and negative effects on amla, depending on the specific parameters and doses used. Therefore, the primary aim of the present study was to positively enhance the inherent characteristics of amla by employing the safe and effective 2-6 µm mid-infrared rays, thereby further augmenting its value. Our research utilized a water-based atomizer known as the 2-6µm mid-infrared radiation generating atomizer (MIRGA), which was recently developed by us. A panel of sensory experts conducted a thorough assessment of amla both before and after the application of mid-IR radiation. In addition, various analytical techniques, including FTIR, PXRD, TEM, and H1NMR, were employed to further characterize the irradiated amla. The results demonstrated that the application of mid-IR radiation positively influenced the sensory attributes of amla, enhancing its palatability. Furthermore, the findings revealed significant transformations at the atomic, bond, and compound levels. Hence, it can be inferred that the utilization of mid-IR radiation through an economical, easily accessible, and safe technology holds immense potential for elevating the quality of amla. VL - 5 IS - 1 ER -